A cartridge has four components:

  • Case: a metal cylinder usually made of brass, closed at one end, which contains the other three components.

  • Primer compound: an impact-sensitive chemical compound used for ignition.

  • Powder charge: a fast-burning chemical compound used as a propellant.

  • Bullet: the projectile.

  • The firing pin strikes the primer or case rim and ignites the priming compound.

  • The flame generated by the priming compound ignites the powder charge.

  • The powder burns rapidly and generates a large volume of hot, high-pressure gas.

  • The high-pressure gas propels the bullet out of the barrel at a high velocity.